In Freudian psychoanalysis, the pleasure principle is the instinctive seeking of pleasure and avoiding pain to satisfy biological and psychological needs. The reality principle is the ability of the mind to assess the reality of the external world, and to act upon it accordingly by deterring gratification of a desire when circumstantial reality disallows its immediate gratification. Both the reality principle and pleasure principle pursue personal gratification, but the crucial difference between the two is that the reality principle is more focused on the long-term and is more goal-oriented while the pleasure principle disregards everything except for the immediate fulfillment of its desires.

Cosmicism is a philosophy coined by H. P. Lovecraft that says the universe is huge and mysterious, and the values, capabilities, and beliefs of humans are tiny and insignificant in comparison. Examples include Darkest Dungeon, Rick and Morty, Warhammer 40k, and Get Out.

Preventive healthcare focuses on reducing the risk of diseases through measures such as vaccination, regular screening, health education, and early diagnosis. Curative healthcare focuses on treating illnesses after they develop, through medication, surgery, and hospital-based care. It also includes health insurance schemes such as PM Jan Arogya Yojana, in which the government has spent over ₹1.92 Lakh Crore.

At-will employment is a U.S. labour law doctrine that allows an employer to fire an employee at any time, for any reason (or no reason at all), without warning, and lets the employee quit at any time for any reason.

Respectability politics is a political and social strategy where people from marginalized groups conform to the dominant culture's standards of behaviour and appearance to gain safety, respect, and social mobility

Rashutosh is an Indian national studying at the London School of Economics (LSE). Academically talented, an effective orator, and influential on social media, they have become a prominent face of a growing anti-corruption movement in India. They must decide whether to return to India to lead the movement or continue their life abroad

In 2022, AAP secured a landslide victory in Punjab, winning 92 of 117 Assembly seats and establishing a dominant position in state politics. The party faces mounting challenges, including employee protests over pending dearness allowance dues and unfulfilled promises, alongside continued public concern over the drug menace and a recent power crisis party faces mounting challenges, including employee protests over pending party faces mounting challenges, including employee protests over pending dearness allowance dues and unfulfilled promises, alongside continued public dearness allowance dues and unfulfilled promises, alongside continued public dearness allowance dues and unfulfilled promises, alongside continued public concern over the drug menace and a recent power crisis concern over the drug menace and a recent power crisis concern over the drug menace and a recent power crisis The Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD) and BJP, former allies, have faced The Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD) and BJP, former allies, have faced The Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD) and BJP, former allies, have faced speculation over a possible reunion ahead of Punjab’s 2027 elections. The Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD) and BJP, former allies, have faced speculation over a possible reunion ahead of Punjab’s 2027 elections. speculation over a possible reunion ahead of Punjab’s 2027 elections. speculation over a possible reunion ahead of Punjab’s 2027 elections. Meanwhile, AAP is pursuing electoral expansion in Gujarat and Goa, where Meanwhile, AAP is pursuing electoral expansion in Gujarat and Goa, where Meanwhile, AAP is pursuing electoral expansion in Gujarat and Goa, where it is preparing for the 2027 Assembly elections. 

Singapore has policy that limits how many people from each ethnic group can live in a public housing building  or neighborhood. Once the limit for a particular group is reached ,people from that group may not be allowed to buy a flat there. Thepolicy aims to prevent ethnic segregation and encourage peoplefrom different communities to live together.

Radical feminism is a perspective within feminist theory that views patriarchy as a social system where men hold primary power as the fundamental and systemic root of women’s oppression. Unlike liberal feminism, which seeks to achieve equality by reforming existing legal and political systems (such as voting rights or workplace laws), radical feminism argues that society must undergo a radical restructuring to completely eliminate male supremacy across all social, political, and economic spheres.

Locus of control is a psychological concept that describes how much you believe you have power over the events in your life. If you have an internal locus of control, you tend to think your actions shape your outcomes. If it’s external, you’re more likely to see luck, fate, or other people as in charge. It’s about where you place responsibility: inside yourself or outside in the world.

The soft life culture is a social media trend that advocates putting personal peace and comfort above constant work and hustle.

The academisation of the creative arts refers to an increase in the proportion of workers in creative art fields (television, films, publishing etc) who hold university degrees in the creative arts (e.g. Masters of Fine Arts), as well as an increase in people holding such degrees more generally

In the classic Sudbury model, students decide what to learn, when to learn, and how to spend their time. Students and staff also participate in school governance, while conventional compulsory classes and grades are absent